I don't think this is going to work well. I've never seen a passive device for blending signals together. You might be able to get something out of it and I'd hope that the audio hardware is designed well enough to avoid serious damage since the power levels are low, but I'd expect the signal might be quite a mess when you try listening to it.
To do it right, you really need something that prevents backfeed and isolates the two inputs, that requires power unfortunately, which either comes externally or from the signal itself (which would result in massive attenuation thus not suitable for powering headphones.)