To be clear, do you mean the "envelope / decay" ie the volume OR do you mean the tonal/spectrum?
The first requires an envelope follower, which cam be done manually (i.e. trace the waveform of the source sound by creating via manually drawing a volume graph that tracks/traces its level/waveform & then cut/remove it from that track and paste it in the same sync position on the destination track) and maybe automatically with some tweaking & setup (the bluecat analysis/metering plugins can output MIDI of any chosen parameter, so eg output MIDI of volume, send it to control the fader of the destination track) - I did this the manual way on the film Bridge to Terabithia for some creature vocals, using the pitched vocal track from a giant tree and pasting the volume/envelope grpah on to a track of roughly synced branch/leaf shakes....
http://www.bluecataudio.com/Products/Category_Analysis/
The second requires cross synthesis - convolution does this to a degree, AudioSculpt does this with more control, have a read of the AudioSculpt cross synthesis manual/handbook:
http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/ems/pdf/AS-Cross%20Synthesis%20Handbook.pdf